ABSTRACT
Background: Drug utilization studies (DUS) provide insight into recent trend of drug usage and facilitate rationality of prescribed drugs. Few DUS have been conducted in ophthalmology. Aim and Objective: To analyse the prescription pattern in outpatients of the ophthalmology department at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted at GCS Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmedabad. All patients who visited ophthalmic outpatient department were enrolled and necessary data were recorded regarding drugs prescribed in pre-defined case record form. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 388 prescriptions were analysed. Average number of drugs and fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) per prescription were 2.47 (95% CI, 2.29–2.64) and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36–0.51), respectively. Drugs were prescribed in different dosage forms with eye drops being the most common (95.1%) followed by tablet (12.3%), ointments (8.5%), capsules (2.8%), syrup (1.1%), and injections (0.3%). One or more dosage forms were seen per prescription. Total 957 drugs were prescribed, out of which drugs with brands name and generic name were 88.4% and 11.6%, respectively. Total FDCs prescribed were 17.5%. Overall, 43.5% of prescriptions had antibiotics ranging from 1 to 5 per prescription and 25% of antibiotics were seen out of total drugs. Conclusion: Most of the drugs prescribed were in the form of drops. FDCs and antimicrobial use have been increasing in the management of ophthalmic diseases. Less numbers of drugs were prescribed by generic names.
ABSTRACT
The aim of present work was to enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate of the aquaphobic drug Lafutidine by liquisolid technique. Lafutidine is a H2-receptor antagonist BCS class II drug. Lafutidine compatibility with excipients was evaluated by FT-IR and DSC spectrum. Preliminary trial taken to check the effect of carrier to coating material ratio (R) and non-volatile solvent (PEG- 600) on pre compression and post compression characteristic. Flowable liquid retention potential (Ø -value) and Liquid load factors (Lf) were calculated for required amount of excipients necessary to preparing Lafutidine liquisolid tablet. A 32 full factorial design was employed to check the effect of carrier to coating material ratio R (X1) and PEG- 600 (X2) on hardness (Y1), angle of repose (Y2), % of Cumulative drug release at 5 min Q5 (Y3), and disintegration time (Y4). Multiple linear regression analysis, ANOVA and graphical representation of the influence of factor by 3D plots were performing by using Design expert 7.0. In this study, the following constraints were arbitrarily used for the selection of an optimized batch: Hardness: 3 to 5.5, Angle of repose: 25 to 30, % of Cumulative Drug Release at 5 min (Q5) > 27.09 % and Disintegration time <1.3 min. The desirability value of various dependent variables calculated for determining the optimized batch of tablet and it was also found to be nearer to one. Performance of optimized batch had no shown any significant change at the end of stability study.